Sulfuric Acid
H₂SO₄
Sulfuric acid is a strong diprotic mineral acid (H₂SO₄, CAS 7664-93-9) supplied as a dense, oily liquid at 93-98% concentration. It is used for pH regulation in water and wastewater treatment, removal of mineral scale, fertilizer production and battery manufacturing. CHIMI ART supplies industrial sulfuric acid across Egypt in drums, IBCs and bulk tankers, with a certificate of analysis accompanying every delivery.
Product Overview
Sulfuric acid is a strong diprotic mineral acid (H₂SO₄, CAS 7664-93-9) supplied as a dense, oily liquid at 93-98% concentration. It is used for pH regulation in water and wastewater treatment, removal of mineral scale, fertilizer production and battery manufacturing. CHIMI ART supplies industrial sulfuric acid across Egypt in drums, IBCs and bulk tankers, with a certificate of analysis accompanying every delivery.
Technical Specifications
- Chemical Formula
- H₂SO₄
- CAS Number
- 7664-93-9
- Appearance
- Clear oily liquid
- Concentration
- 93-98% H₂SO₄
- Specific Gravity
- 1.83-1.84
- pH Range
- < 1.0
- Solubility
- Fully miscible with water
- Available Packaging
- 200L drums · 1000L IBC · Bulk tanker
- Shelf Life
- Indefinite
- Storage Conditions
- Acid-resistant containers
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | H₂SO₄ |
| CAS Number | 7664-93-9 |
| Appearance | Clear oily liquid |
| Concentration | 93-98% H₂SO₄ |
| Specific Gravity | 1.83-1.84 |
| pH Range | < 1.0 |
| Solubility | Fully miscible with water |
| Available Packaging | 200L drums · 1000L IBC · Bulk tanker |
| Shelf Life | Indefinite |
| Storage Conditions | Acid-resistant containers |
Applications
Dosing Guidelines
For pH regulation, sulfuric acid is metered under automatic pH control; because dilution is highly exothermic, dose either through a properly designed injection quill into a flowing, well-mixed stream or as a pre-diluted solution made by adding acid to water slowly with cooling. Acid demand follows the alkalinity of the water and is best fixed by titration and plant trial rather than rule of thumb. For descaling, solutions of typically 5-20% are used depending on the deposit and the materials of construction. Never add water to concentrated acid, and never dose concentrated acid into a stagnant line where heat can accumulate.
How It Works
Sulfuric acid is diprotic: each molecule can release two hydrogen ions, so a given dose delivers high neutralizing power per unit volume. In pH regulation, those hydrogen ions react with hydroxide, carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinity to form water and soluble sulfate salts, bringing alkaline water or effluent down to the target pH. Against mineral scale, the acid converts carbonate deposits into soluble sulfates with release of carbon dioxide. Concentrated sulfuric acid is also strongly hygroscopic and dehydrating, which underlies its role as a drying and reaction medium in chemical manufacturing, including fertilizer production and lead-acid battery electrolyte. Dilution is highly exothermic — the heat released when the concentrated acid mixes with water is the single most important handling consideration.
Usage Tips
Store sulfuric acid in acid-resistant tanks and drums, kept tightly sealed — the concentrated acid is hygroscopic, and absorbed moisture both dilutes it and makes it more corrosive to steel. Properly stored, 93-98% acid has an effectively indefinite shelf life. Dilution is violently exothermic: always add acid to water, slowly and with mixing, never the reverse. Bund storage areas, segregate from caustics, oxidizable materials and water sources, and use dedicated transfer equipment. Full acid-resistant PPE plus accessible eyewash and safety shower are essential wherever the acid is handled.
Certifications & Compliance
Frequently Asked Questions
Where is sulfuric acid used in water and effluent treatment?
Its main duty is pH regulation: neutralizing alkaline process water and effluent down to discharge or process targets, where its diprotic chemistry gives high neutralizing power per liter. It is also used for dissolving carbonate scale and, outside water treatment, as a feedstock in fertilizer production and battery manufacturing.
Why must sulfuric acid always be added to water and never the reverse?
Diluting concentrated sulfuric acid releases intense heat. Added slowly to a larger volume of water with mixing, that heat disperses safely. Poured the other way, water flashes to steam at the acid surface and can violently spatter hot concentrated acid. The same logic applies to dosing: feed into a flowing, well-mixed stream, never a stagnant line.
What storage materials suit 93-98% sulfuric acid?
Concentrated sulfuric acid at ambient temperature is commonly stored in carbon steel tanks, because its low water content limits corrosion. Diluted acid is far more aggressive and requires lined tanks or suitable plastics. Keep tanks sealed against moisture — absorbed humidity dilutes the acid locally and accelerates attack — and bund all storage areas.
Does sulfuric acid degrade in storage?
No — kept sealed in suitable containers, concentrated sulfuric acid is stable and has an effectively indefinite shelf life. The practical risk is not degradation but moisture pickup: the acid is strongly hygroscopic, so leaving containers open lets it absorb water, lowering concentration and increasing corrosivity toward steel.
How is sulfuric acid delivered — drums, IBCs or bulk?
CHIMI ART supplies sulfuric acid in 200 L drums, 1,000 L IBCs and by bulk tanker across Egypt, each delivery accompanied by a certificate of analysis. Choose the format that matches your consumption rate and unloading equipment; our team can advise on suitable receiving-tank materials and transfer arrangements.
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