Insights

Technical articles, application guides, and research from Chimiart's chemical engineers.

• water-treatment

  Ferric Chloride vs PAC vs Alum: How to Choose a Coagulant

  A working comparison of ferric chloride, PAC and alum for water and wastewater treatment — chemistry, pH windows, dose ranges, sludge, cost, and when each wins.

• water-treatment

  Phosphorus Removal with Ferric Chloride: Dosing That Works

  How to size ferric chloride doses for chemical phosphorus removal — Fe:P molar ratios, dosing points, alkalinity effects, sludge, and a worked example.